1. Before start-up, vent all residual air from the exchanger so that it cannot affect heat transfer.

2. Never operate above the design temperature or pressure.

3. If pressure or temperature exceeds the design value during operation, if the welds show cracks, blistering, deformation or leakage, or if a safety accessory fails, stop the exchanger immediately to avoid danger or an accident.

4. Take account of the properties of the process fluid and clean the exchanger periodically to prevent fouling.

5. Keep the unit running efficiently and energy consumption low — this extends equipment life.